The Larcum Kendall K1 Watch — The most important watch you probably never heard of.
Oldbrew at Tallbloke’s Talkshop found a study showing that icebergs around Antarctica apparently haven’t changed much in the last few centuries despite an extra 2,000 Gt of CO2, and all that global warming. Remember climate change is going to hit Antarctica twice as hard as anywhere else.
As Oldbrew said: Probably not the result that was expected from this study.
Given the world warmed in the last three hundred years, it seems surprising that icebergs don’t seem to have changed. But if they had declined, this study would be a star of the news tonight. Instead I doubt many stations will report that if Captain James Cook returned today he might not see much difference.
Fascinatingly, Cook had a watch worth £450 so he could estimate longitude. To give some idea of just how fantastically valuable that watch was, ponder that the whole ship he commanded cost £1,800. The Larcum Kendall K1 watch was so prized Cook made sure “the commander, first lieutenant and astronomer were all present when it was used”.
It was modeled on the H4 clock, which only lost 5 seconds on a 81 day journey. Consider — today, we are all richer than kings.
Antarctic icebergs still exist today where 1700-era sailors spotted and tracked them
by Todd Hollingshead, Brigham Young University
…
[Phys.Org] A new study comparing observations of large Antarctic icebergs from the 1700s with modern satellite datasets shows the massive icebergs are found in the same areas where they were pinpointed three centuries ago. The study shows that despite their rudimentary tools, the old explorers truly knew their craft, and it confirms that the icebergs have behaved consistently for more than 300 years.
Using primarily the journal records of Captain James Cook’s 1772–1775 Antarctic circumnavigation on the HMS Resolution (where he noted the positions of hundreds of icebergs), a trio of researchers from Brigham Young University, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of Washington’s School of Oceanography made comparisons with the two largest modern datasets available today: the BYU/National Ice Center and Alfred Wegener Institute datasets.
They found that Cook’s description of the iceberg plume east of Antarctica’s Amery Ice Shelf, along with iceberg distributions in the Weddell, Ross and Amundsen Seas, agree with modern data. They also found additional iceberg tracking by Edmond Halley in 1700, Lozier Bouvet in 1739 and Edward Riou in 1789 are consistent with modern observations.
“Where they saw icebergs, we see icebergs now; where they didn’t seem them, we don’t see them,” said study coauthor David G. Long, BYU professor of electrical and computer engineering. “The old data from these explorers may not been very good, but it’s all that we’ve got from that time—and it’s good enough.”
Cook’s observations make up 95% of the historical data used for comparison in the study. His crew used the Larcum Kendall K1 watch in combination with a sextant to track longitude on their journey. The K1 watch carried a heavy price tag (£450—the ship Cook sailed for the trip, the HMS Resolution, cost £1,800) so Cook took great care of the device, requiring the commander, first lieutenant and astronomer all present when it was used.
Lead study author Seelye Martin extracted Cook’s iceberg observations from a line-by-line search of Cook’s journal-turned-book about his journey: “A Voyage Towards the South Pole, and Round the World.” It turns out that when possible, Cook recorded his position alongside his iceberg observations, which he referred to as “ice islands,” “ice isles,” and “hills of ice.”
“Cook kept pretty good records, but they’re not perfect,” Long said. “They’re basically journal entries. He took some days off. Sometimes he would just say ‘saw a lot of ice in the ocean.’ Wish it was a little better, but on the other hand it was pretty unique.”
Fortunately, Cook’s onboard astronomer, William Wales, also recorded iceberg observations, which helped fill in a few gaps in Cook’s records.
After creating a spreadsheet of Cook’s data (along with data from Halley, Bouvet and Riou), Martin, Long and coauthor Michael Schodlok plotted the voyagers’ trips and observations on a map of Antarctica that includes the modern iceberg data. BYU’s part of the dataset uses low-resolution satellite scatterometer radars to track icebergs while the National Ice Center data consists of iceberg positions derived from visible, infrared and radar satellite observations. The Alfred Wegener Institute uses satellite transponders to track icebergs from the Weddell Sea.
The diagram provides a visual confirmation of how consistent the early explorers observations are with modern iceberg observations.
Long said since the databases they use track rather large icebergs which are not as sensitive to climate change. Because of that, the study doesn’t necessarily make a connection to global warming issues, but the result of no significant iceberg change from 1700 to 2000s is fascinating to consider.
“It’s the first comparison that I’m aware of, of a satellite iceberg database with pre-modern era data,” Long said. “I have always been proud that my database goes back multiple decades, but here we’re going back multiple centuries…
“I guess it’s a good reminder to keep a journal; you never know how it will be used in the future,” he said.
The research appears in the Journal of Glaciology.
REFERENCE
Comparison of Antarctic iceberg observations by Cook in 1772–75, Halley in 1700, Bouvet in 1739 and Riou in 1789 with modern data, Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2022
re the cost of the Watch…it was considered very desirable for a ship to carry THREE time sources, so that if one of them was giving bad results, you could figure out which one it was.
There was an alternative method of determining longitude–the method of Lunar Distances–which did not require an accurate time source, but did involve considerable computational complexities.
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Cook was the top naval astronomer, expert in navigation by determining time from the sky, which is why he was chosen to captain the single task expedition to Tahiti to record the transit of Venus with a shipload of scientists. You cannot map coastlines to accuracy without perfect time. And there was a world to map, as he did.
But clouds prohibited the Venus measurement, which must have been beyond maddening for a trip to the other side of the planet. Then he opened his sealed orders to find the Great Southern Land, Terra Australis. It was the most significant voyage in Australia’s history.
However in circumnavigating Antarctica three times on three different voyages, you had to get a clear sky. But he never saw Antarctica itself. Not just the weather but the strong adiabatic winds from the 3.5Km glacier the size of South America and always blowing away from land which discouraged his approach.
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I am pretty sure that Cook’s team did in fact observe the transit of Venus at Tahiti. They had two separate observing sites.
The results however were a bit disappointing due to atmospheric refraction (? by the Venusian atmosphere) which made precise timing of the beginning and the end of the transit difficult.
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Yes. Agreed. I did find a very good presentation on the whole history of the H1..H4 watches and the development of the pocketwatch (6″ across/150mm) version of which I was unaware. Harrison’s inventions were quickly adopted by others and miniaturized, itself amazing. Then he added the bimetal strip, the first for temperature compensation. He received large payments along the way but not the prize and was never happy with his own timepieces. A bit obsessive? It was a copy of the last H4 watch which Cook took on this voyage.
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This glacier to which you refer cannot be “the size of S America” given that the continent is bigger than all of Antarctica.
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Technically you are right. All of South America is 17.5 million km2. All of Antarctica is only 13.7 Million km2, so South America is 25% bigger. But consider that the continent of Australia is only half the size at 8.5million km2 so South America is the closest continent to Antarctica in area. And as the average ocean depth is 3.4Km, it is really a frozen ocean on land.
So while the answer to the quiz question of how much of the world is covered by oceans is 72%, I would quibble. Given that all oceans are on land, it’s closer to 75%. Antarctica is a frozen ocean. Which is why climate scientists should be studying the oceans, not the thin air above. All our planetary surface heat is stored in the oceans and they control the weather. And all this bleating about La Nina proves the climate scientists do not have a clue.
P.S. I found a lot of sources for these areas which differed by 10%. I suppose it’s how you treat the wrinkly bits.
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John Harrison invented the first such clock that could determine longitude.
https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/harrisons-clocks-longitude-problem
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Yes and the Royal Society refused to recognize his achievement and give him the prize because he was a commoner. He was in his last years before the king intervened and ordered the prize.
So much for the Royal Society. It seems no different today with the pushing of ‘man made’ CO2 in the atmosphere, which is a lie. CO2 is rapidly absorbed and every scientist knew this, every layman knows this, but too many ‘new’ scientists these days know no science. Too many Flannerys. The most damning paper on the subject was by the New Zealander G. J. Fergusson published in 1958 and is worth reading. Everything in it is relevant and shows what real scientists believed 65 years ago. Real science has been cancelled.
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Indeed.
Anyone who has a “SodaStream” type device in their kitchen or has observed carbonated beverages in plastic bottles after they are dropped will have made layman’s observations of the overall high solubility of CO2 in water and it’s solubility with respect to temperature.
Apparently these important and easily ascertained details are missed by most people who are the product of today’s dumbed-down universities and who identify as “scientists”.
The answer is all around them and they just don’t see it.
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How many Bazillion tonnes of CO2 have been “sequestered” by coral polyps, then limestone and finally, in some cases, marble?
And lots of folk seem to have missed or chosen to ignore, the simple fact that, before “life”, specifically, tiny plant-like things, appeared, there was NO, Zip, Nil, Zero FREE Oxygen in the atmosphere. The stuff was all tied up in CO2, water and a multitude of metallic oxides.
And that “mature forests”, like the Amazon basin are nett CO2 producers; “neutral” if we are being charitable; a far cry from the “lungs of the Earth”. In the absence of sunlight, (like overnight, EVERY night), plants go into “reverse cycle”. Add to that the product of millions (billions??) of tonnes of vegetation “droppings”, merrily rotting away on the forest floors, producing CO2.
The REAL “Lungs of the Earth, if you want them, are the phytoplankton in the top couple of metres of the worlds oceans. MUCH less “pseudo-scientifically” sexy or saleable than cuddly forest giants, apparently.
And one of the reasons for the “Tree Line” that occurs globally at around six to twelve thousand-ish feet altitude (depending on Latitude), is that CO2 is a “heavy” gas, so there is a lot less of it to “feed” vegetation, regardless of the temperature. As aviators and serious climbers discovered long ago, Oxygen AND water get a bit sparse up there as well. The 79-and-a-bit percent of the atmosphere that is NITROGEN is not going to be much use for sustaining human or plant life, either.
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True but you have to add the extreme compressibility of CO2, unlike water. Water pressure increases at 1 atmosphere per ten metres so at the deepest points, the pressure is 700 atmospheres. Even the typical ocean bottom at 3.4km average is 340 atmospheres! Given that these oceans are not frozen ever CO2 is compressed to a liquid and sloshes around with the water. However the advocates of isolated CO2 argue that as ocean currents stay deep, the CO2 cannot rise to the surface. Every geologist would disagree. And anyone who has seen CO2 rise from the bottom of a bottle would disagree. The geologists looking for escaped gas from under the ocean floor have to deal with the rising CO2.
However if the IPCC admitted that CO2 was highly soluble and rapidly absorbed, that it does not take hundreds of years to cycle, they would be out of a job. CO2 is not dirty but if it was, the earth is self cleaning. We cannot control CO2 levels no matter how much legislation is passed.
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“And that “mature forests”, like the Amazon basin are nett CO2 producers;”
?If bio-life decays or dies it releases CO2 yes, all of whatever it has. So how does living bio-life become a net CO2 producer?
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Most “rain forests” of my acquaintance are sited on marginal soil. And just because a place has a bunch of big, old trees, it is NOT a “rain-forest”. REAL rain forest receive a LOT of rain, unsurprisingly. One of the lessons of clearing them for agriculture is that it is usually not a good, long-term prospect. In Australia we do not have “serious” rain forests, we have “Wet Sclerophyl areas some of which contain very old stands of Antarctic Beech. And that is a whole other story.
The “leaf-litter” provides recycled nutrients.
Interestingly enough, large chunks of the Amazon basin were inhabited AND cultivated in “the good old days” before the conquistadors arrived with better weapons and an array of “interesting’ diseases. The disappearance of organized humans appears to have started in the early 16th Century and MAY or may not have been the result of the arrival of Europeans. When folks eventually trekked deep into the woods, most signs of “habitation” had been reclaimed by the forests. Apparently, there are still “bio-char sites still visible from river traffic. There is a LOT to be said in favour of having a regularly-exercised, robust immune system. All that remain are tiny nomadic groups like the Mehinacu and people trying to conduct “conventional” agriculture and grazing on Marginal land.
There are many sites featuring “bio-char”, basically “coked” trees, mixed with other material and apparently used for AGRICULTURE. Charcoal has a some interesting properties. There is a good reason it is used in the inner linings of chemical warfare suits and water filtration equipment.
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Yes David. Much more CO2 is absorbed in cold water. I always put the bottle in the frig. before carbonating the water in the Soda Stream. Anyone who drinks beer would know that leaving an open bottle to warm results in flat beer ie the CO2 goes out as the bottle warms. So-called acidification of oceans in the tropics (eg Coral sea) is utter BS.
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The 19h century saw large icebergs in the Southern Ocean.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/huge-icebergs-of-the-southern-ocean/
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The purge seems to be related to rapidly increasing length of day (LOD) and preservation of the globes angular momentum.
h/t Warwick Hughes.
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There is an Ice Chart published by the Admiralty for the Southern Hemisphere on 24 March 1866 (updated in 1870) based on reports and logs from clipper ships captains and going all the way back to Cook, Weddell and other explorers. This matches all the information indicated in this article plus much of the later material.
It was published by the Admiralty Hydrographic Office for the price of two shillings and sixpence to supplement the Admiralty’s Sailing directions that required captains to go no further south than 53 degrees south in what passed for summer in the Southern Ocean when sailing the great circle route. That didnt save a number of ships that disappeared in the ice notably the Guiding Star in 1855 that were included in “papers gathered by Mr Towson in 1855-1859”, at which many large icebergs were being reported in the southern ocean.
Jo if you want a copy – I can send it to you – but it is large. I dont have any other reference to it – it was found for me by an archivist.
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White Wings, a book written by Henry Brett, 50 years of sail in the New Zealand trade 1850 to 1900.
He mentions the clipper Mermaid, when in the vicinity of Cape Leeuwin, Captain Rose and his officers had an anxious time avoiding 30 huge icebergs.
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Email coming, Melbourne Resident.
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got it – sent you a smaller file copy of the chart – have fun
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In the distant future, a student somewhere will set a quantum computer to troll through ancient blogs such as Jo Nova, WUWT, NoTricksZone, Marohasy, and a dozen others.
The summary for policymakers of the 10k page report will say: “Surprisingly, there were many people in the early 2000s that accurately questioned the CO2/AGW-ClimateChange agenda. Their repeated refutations and calls for skepticism were effectively ignored by governments and elites of the time. How this happened is beyond the scope of this report, but further funding is recommended.”
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Tell him he’s dreaming!
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The watch is quoted as having an accuracy of 5 seconds on an 81 day voyage.
Today, Rolex mechanical watches have a minimum stated accuracy of +/- 2 seconds per day. That would be a maximum error of 162 sec in 81 days.
Presumably the technology of the Larcum Kendall K1 watch is unable to be replicated even today.
An amazing achievement for a mechanical timepiece especially given the inferior tools and materials if the time.
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What may have been the accuracy of that engine ?
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Amazing. Thanks for that. I cannot imagine the tools/machines that were used 2,000 years ago to create such an exquisite device and it actually works. Retired first class metalworker.
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An Australian has reproduced the mechanism in his home workshop using only tools and materials available 2000 years ago, and making tools if necessary.
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZioPDnFPNsHnyxfygxA0to4RXv4_jDU2
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I can’t imagine why that comment got a red thumb…
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There is an Australian bloke building a working replica of the Antikythera mechanism. And he has a pretty slick, modern workshop, and knows what he is doing.
Here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ML4tw_UzqZE&list=PLZioPDnFPNsHnyxfygxA0to4RXv4_jDU2&index=1
Hand-cutting a precise, 123-tooth bronze gear is a bit of a challenge.
Anyone who has done precision machining and used dividing heads will get it. But the Greeks, or whoever they copied it from, appear to NOT have had such equipment NOT.
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“… given the inferior tools and materials if the time.” – DM
Unlike today, many of the best scientists not only made some of the highest quality instruments, they also made the tools they needed to fabricate those instruments, or knew reliable tool makers who did. I seriously doubt that their tools were an issue.
00
Of course sea levels today are much lower than during the Holocene optimum and ABC Catalyst showed that 4000 years ago sea levels at Sydney were 1.5 metres higher than today.
And Ken Stewart linked to many studies of Aussie’s east coast that also found that SLs during the Hol optimum were much higher than today.
And Jennifer Marohasy has also linked to a number of these studies as well.
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Ten years ago on this site: Australian sea levels have been falling for 7000 years. Lewis et al. 2012. I guess I should cover it again? It’s an excellent study.
41 posts on Sea Levels.
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The IPCC will look at this information and say hold my beer !
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Michael Palin wrote in great detail about the conditions in the Antarctic and the artic in his book Erebus.
https://www.waterstones.com/book/erebus-the-story-of-a-ship/michael-palin/9781784758578
A very good read. I passed on some of the information on the arctic to Susan crockford, basically there were probably fewer polar bears in the arctic 200 Yeats ago than there are today.
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450 pounds in 1772 is the same as £87,978.13 today or A$154,288.30, U$107,607.57
https://www.in2013dollars.com/uk/inflation/1772?amount=450
It was expensive, but not outrageously expensive for an important piece of ship infrastructure for a naval ship, HMS Resolution.
According to Wikipedia HMS Resolution cost £4,151 in 1771, different to Jo’s figure of £1800 above. This is equivalent to £896,338.15 today according to the above calculator. Or about 11% of ship cost.
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Too many significant figures there David.
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There was zero inflation for hundreds of years and 50 pounds a year was a good professional salary. So I would guess at closer to 9 years salary or 1.3 million pounds. In an analog mechanical world it was the supercomputer of its time.
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There was zero inflation for hundreds of years and 50 pounds a year was a good professional salary. So I would guess at closer to 9 years salary or 1.3 million pounds. In an analog mechanical world it was the supercomputer of its time.
20
It seems I can post twice from my mobile.. Moses would have posted three times.
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Bloody hell, 30 commandments!
20
Take two tablets and go to bed.
40
Back in the day, the solving of the Longitude Problem was taken very seriously.
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Icebergs in Antarctica? That’s nothing.
A few decades ago there was an iceberg in Sydney Harbour.
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Macca’s chooks come to mind (2SM).
& a Jumbo under the Bridge….
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Two Chronometers the Captain had
We have all heard of it.
Two chronometers the captain had,
One by Arnold that ran like mad,
One by Kendal in a walnut case,
Poor devoted creature with a hangdog face.
Arnold always hurried with a crazed click-click
Dancing over Greenwich like a lunatic,
Kendal panted faithfully his watch-dog beat,
Climbing out of Yesterday with sticky little feet.
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Sea levels during our previous Eemian inter-glacial ( 130 K to 115 K) were 6 to 9 metres higher than today.
Even Wiki tells the truth sometimes
and co2 levels then were about 280 ppm.
THINK about it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eemian#Sea_level
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And another study has found that Antarctica has been cooling by about 2 c over the last 40 years.
But their claims of the Antarctic peninsula warming is dubious and the BAS, Turner et al study found it has been cooling since 1998.
https://climatesciencenews.com/2021-08-23-antarctica-cooled-in-last-40-years.html
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Here are links to more studies of Antarctica and the peninsula, showing the cooling I referred to above.
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2021/09/20/body-of-evidence-all-of-antarctica-is-cooling-peninsula-cooling-since-long-before-greta-was-born/
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Remember a few years ago when Klimate Katastrophists claimed extraordinarily high levels of Antarctic warming, and reported by Jo, here?
They apparently were unaware of subglacial volcanoes in the area of measurements, or deliberately ignored them.
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..or deliberately used them.
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This 2020 NATURE study also found that Antarctica has not warmed for the last 70 years.
So little wonder we can’t find a recent acceleration in SLR according to the longest tide gauges.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-020-00143-w#:~:text=Abstract,atmospheric%20concentration%20of%20greenhouse%20gases.&text=To%20that%20end%2C%20we%20contrast,response%20with%20a%20flattened%20AIS.
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I find it amazing that anyone believes that Antarctica, two Australias in size and 3500metres of solid ice where the surface temperature is -50C in winter and -25C in summer is going to melt any time soon. And you have to melt the top before you can melt the bottom, unless you have a handy volcano.
Air cools about 1C for every hundred metres. So at 3500 metres, Antarctica is about 35C cooler than the Arctic where there is only sea ice. And even that is not permanently melting, despite hysterical predictions. And of course if it all melts, the sea does not rise 1mm.
Even when things melt, the air is cooled and the melting stops. That’s how an Esky works. So it would take an endless supply of hot air to melt with an increase in summer (winter is well below zero and there is no melting) of 1.5C.
The heat capacity of air is 1/4 of water. And the density is incomparable. By definition a cubic metre of ice weighs a 1 tonne and a cubic metre of air weighs 1.29kg, 0.1%. The idea that maybe very slightly warmer air (on average) in the middle of summer is going to melt the continent of solid ice which is Antarctica is beyond silly. Antarctica is growing steadily vertically, not melting.
Naturally the proponents of global warming Armageddon see this continent of solid ice vanishing quickly with 1.5C warming in the short summer. Now that is incredible.
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This Antarctic finding is consistent with data from an 1871 survey of the Great Barrier Reef as reported by Dr Bill Johnston.
http://www.bomwatch.com.au/bureau-of-meteorology/trends-in-sea-surface-temperature-at-townsville-great-barrier-reef/
In essence, there is no evidence of warmingof sea surface temperatures along the Reef since 1871.
These are difficult observations to avoid. I have not seen any Establishment effort to answer the data analysis.
Geoff S
150
Recently Dr Judith Curry explained why even former warmist loonies are now backtracking on some of their delusional claims.
RCP 8.5 has been abandoned by sensible scientists and even former extremists are now moderating their opinions.
This is an accurate resource from NOV 2022 and follows proper logic and reason and a retreat from their silly fantasy world.
https://judithcurry.com/2022/11/02/the-climate-crisis-isnt-what-it-used-to-be/
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Speaking of Captain Cook and glaciers … it may be interesting to note that in all probability the Alaskan glaciers reached out into the Pacific Ocean when he sailed up that way too.
see USGS map at Glacier Bay map of historical terminal moraines
NOTE that most of the glacial retreat appears to have happened prior to the post WW2 industrialisation – as we would all expect
40
Note on the clock face that the, umm, Roman Numerals used have the number four shown as llll, and not as lV.
That has always intrigued me right from the time I learned about Roman numerals at school as a child, and in the late 50s, I noticed that Grandpa’s old ‘Hunter’ had llll and not lV, and when I mentioned it, he said he had never given it any real attention until I mentioned it.
There are as many theories on why llll is used as there are hours in a day.
In Europe where Roman numerals were most commonly used, llll was used up until the 1700s when it changed to lV. These early H1, and K1 ships chronometers were designed around the time of that Roman numeral change, so time pieces from then used llll, and it’s still common to this day in fact on watches with Roman numerals, umm, considering wrist watches have only been in common use for a little less than a hundred years, so in those early days, no one really knew the time unless they could see it on a ‘town clock’ if their town even had one in the first place.
Big Ben uses lV, and it’s construction was completed in 1859.
I’m old school and I prefer watches with ‘hands’ rather than a digital readout. My good lady wife’s father had a 1978 Seiko, one of the original mass produced Quartz watches produced by Seiko to come to Australia. He knew I liked it, and when he passed, it was given on to me. I still have it (well, naturally) and it was sent off to Wallace Bishop’s main repair centre for a complete checkup back in 2016. They mentioned that the solenoid was aging and that it could not be replaced as they didn’t make them any more. When it came back to me, it had a new battery, which I have since replaced, and it still keeps time to within seconds a Month, (literally) simply the single most accurate watch I have ever owned, now 44 years old. I learned how to accurately date those Seiko watches, and this one was manufactured in December of 1978. It was really odd, because (being an electrician and understanding batteries) I always got three to four years out of the batteries, and it’s usually only two years. I could only put it down to the ‘basicness’ of this watch, just the time, and day date, when current watches do everything except heart surgery these days. I just want to look at it and see the time, one second. Back in 1970, I won $500 in a sweep, and I purchased a Wallace Bishop ‘automatic’, one that wound itself by the movement of your arm. You could hear it when you ‘flicked your wrist’, zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz. That was an expensive watch at the time, just on $100, and I spent most of the remainder on five Michelin xAS radials for my Corolla, and still had some left over.
Incidentally, about that story of Harrison and Longitude, Johnny Rotten at the above Comment 1.2 has a link to an article about it, and right at the bottom of the article is a link to the Dava Sobel book about it. I have that book, and I can recommend it as a really good read. Hard to get hold of maybe, so perhaps inquire at your local Library.
Tony.
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Thank you Tony. I’ve often wondered as well about the IIII vs IV on watches and clocks. Now I know. ToM
30
Why is Antarctica always on the Klimate Katastrophists’ radar?
Think about it….
They get taxpayer-funded adventure holidays in an exotic place and on work time as well!
Sometimes karma visits…
52
That applies to the Great Barrier Reef too. And you can go to the pub. That’s where your pier group hangs out.
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Compare this very simple observational science to the complicated and hugely expensive CSIRO voyages to Antarctica. Their mission statement is to find signs of climate change via some complicated plankton sampling or equivalent. Of course, you know what the outcome will be by our science activist organisation. It will definitely be man made climate change adversely affecting some ocean species of some sort. Why? Well, we (CSIRO) observed it, didn’t we, nah. In a few years after all that sciencing, they’re not going to conclude “nup, all good, nothing to see here”. If I had a choice, I’d choose Cook’s evidence any day over CSIRO.
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Terence M at 9:50 AM,
Have a look at clickspringprojects.com for details of how the Antikythera machine was made.
Arnold
40
No, sorry, the ice is melting fast and here’s proof:
https://va.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ro66m30P1C1xww0ux.mp4
Chillin’ after the big thaw.
Simon will be happy.😇
50
I’d like to know how they made that video.
If by drone the noise would scare away the bear.
If on foot, you risk being eaten.
21
So, you’d like to ask JC2 a question would you?
https://64.media.tumblr.com/ab4355deecf78314ef820e51a6c91bb3/e39b14b4ebe14c1d-e4/s540x810/cd5adff28f0427644df13e4fdc34f332ba19b669.jpg
Easy questions – $20
Hard questions – $50
“How did I know” questions – $1k
Oh, ok, I did a reverse search.
Photo and video by @daisygilardini
https://www.daisygilardini.com/
https://polarbearsinternational.salsalabs.org/ipbd2021_ca/index.html
Probably around Hudson Bay, Canada where the bears like a good nap in the grass and flowers.
Probably also a quiet ghost drone with zoom…
10
Now that’s one chilled bear. Fantastic. Thanks. ToM
30
The White bears hibernate happily in Summer when they can be seen. And as carnivores, cannot catch anything.
The Brown bears, their first cousins, hibernate in winter when there is no food. Polar bears are just brown bears with translucent fur for camouflage.
It’s long service leave.
70
And those big white bears don’t drown if they fall into the ocean.
There is a VERY good reason their “scientific name” is “Ursus marinus”.
00
If you want to read a decent summary of the effect of tectonics and oceans on climate, read Ian Plimer’s latest piece in The Spectator. It explains elegantly how all the continents were formed over time and why Antarctica has so much ice.
100
This may be not entirely unexpected. Temperature with height in the atmosphere above Antarctica displays a strong inversion most of the time. With a colder atmosphere nearer the ground surface and warmer further up, the enhanced greenhouse effect of those 2,000 GT probably has cooled the surface rather than warmed it.
30
Do you mean in the stratosphere?
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All this Greenhouse Gas effect came from upper atmosphere scientists like Jim Hansen and his study of Venus at 900F, 500C.
Boiling Venus and dry Mars are nothing like the Earth, which is 75% covered in deep liquid water. And even 1% water in the thin atmosphere. Mountains of solid ice. Plus clouds of water which block all frequencies.
But who needs a climatologist on Venus? So man made CO2 driven Greenhouse effect was born on 22 June 1988 when James Hansen and Al Gore told congress that the Earth was the same as Venus. And they opened all the windows in the Congress building to enhance the effect on the hottest day of the year.
The only thing lacking is any evidence. Plus they have been proved wrong in every prediction.
The Inconvenient Truth is that it was all a lie.
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Some say that “Harrison’s Lost Watch” was rediscovered by a couple of market traders from Peckham and sold at Sotherby’s.
Allegedly 😉
Short version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiIIkQO95z4
The full version, a classic episide of “Only Fools And Horses”, is elsewhere on YouTube or on Amazon Prime. The original BBC version was watched by over 24 million people in the UK in 1996, nearly half the population at the time.
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I see I blogged this in Nov 2006 about –
“Icebergs near New Zealand, not as far north as in 1890’s”
http://www.warwickhughes.com/blog/?p=71
Based on this press – 100 icebergs only 260km off the South Island
Saturday November 4, 2006 NZ Herald
By Maggie McNaughton
Some good quotes worth readings.
I thought that more recently than 2006 there were bergs near ChCh – maybe only a few, around the years of the earthquakes – does anybody else recall that?
I can not find a ref now.
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In the title “2,000 gigatons of plant wrecking CO2”
Don’t you mean ‘planet-wrecking’ ? Much more sensible sarcasm.
CO2 could hardly be said to wreck plants. For which it is food.
Probably a typo or auto-correct error, but it reads well enough to miss correction.
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